On Making Friends

As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend, for life without friends will be a lonely voyage in the vast dark sea or one in the barren desert. Traly, a friend gives out light and warmth like a lamp. For this reason, I have always felt it a blessing if a friend comes to console me in my sadness, cheer me up in my low spirits, or heartedly share with me my happiness. It is wonderful, too, to feel that someone is standing by me and ready to provide help and encouragement in my pursuit of a noble and glorious cause. For millions of years, people have heaped beautiful verses and essays upon friendship.Yet, they, too, have mercilessly accused false friendship, for there are always some mean characters who approach you and act as dear friends when you are wealthy or influential, but desert or even betray you the instant you come down in the world or are entrapped by unfortunate things. Therefore, people all attach great importance to the recognition of true friendship. And a faith ful friend is considered even more precious than a priceless pearl or a precious stone. The old saying â€Å"A friend in need is a friend indeed† has become the teaching and standard for true friends.Still, it is natural that different people observe different principles in making friends. Some view it important to make friends with whom they may share similar interests or hobbies with. Others are liable to befriend VIPs so as to gain some favors or privileges. And I am of those who think very little of similarity or position or power. So long as a person has a heart of gold, being warm-hearted, selfless, honest, open-minded, but not brutal, cold, shortsighted nor narrow~minded, I am willing to make friends with him or her, give my due support and help, and remain faithful to him or her all my life. On Making Friends As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend, for life without friends will be a lonely voyage in the vast dark sea or one in the barren desert. Traly, a friend gives out light and warmth like a lamp. For this reason, I have always felt it a blessing if a friend comes to console me in my sadness, cheer me up in my low spirits, or heartedly share with me my happiness. It is wonderful, too, to feel that someone is standing by me and ready to provide help and encouragement in my pursuit of a noble and glorious cause. For millions of years, people have heaped beautiful verses and essays upon friendship.Yet, they, too, have mercilessly accused false friendship, for there are always some mean characters who approach you and act as dear friends when you are wealthy or influential, but desert or even betray you the instant you come down in the world or are entrapped by unfortunate things. Therefore, people all attach great importance to the recognition of true friendship. And a faith ful friend is considered even more precious than a priceless pearl or a precious stone. The old saying â€Å"A friend in need is a friend indeed† has become the teaching and standard for true friends.Still, it is natural that different people observe different principles in making friends. Some view it important to make friends with whom they may share similar interests or hobbies with. Others are liable to befriend VIPs so as to gain some favors or privileges. And I am of those who think very little of similarity or position or power. So long as a person has a heart of gold, being warm-hearted, selfless, honest, open-minded, but not brutal, cold, shortsighted nor narrow~minded, I am willing to make friends with him or her, give my due support and help, and remain faithful to him or her all my life.

Convexity and Nonsatiation

Checking the convexity and nonsatiation assumptions EC201 LSE Margaret Bray October 25, 2009 1 Nonsatiation 1. 1 1. 1. 1 The simple story De? nition and conditions for nonsatiation Informally nonsatiation means that â€Å"more is better†. This is not a precise statement, and it is possible to work with a number of di? erent de? nitions. For EC201 †¢ Nonsatiation means that utility can be increased by increasing consumption of one or both goods. If the utility function is di? erentiable you should test for nonsatiation by ? nding the partial derivatives of the utility function. 1. 1. 2Example: testing for convexity with a Cobb-Douglas utility function A Cobb-Douglas utility function has the form u(x1 , x2 ) = xa xb where a > 0 and b > 0. Here u(x1 , x2 ) = 12 2/5 3/5 x1 x2 . Assuming that x1 > 0 and x2 > 0 the partial derivatives are ? u ?x1 ?u ?x2 = = 2 ? 3/5 3/5 x2 > 0 x 51 3 2/5 ? 2/5 > 0. xx 51 2 (1) (2) You should note that because the partial deriva tives are both strictly1 positive utility is a strictly2 increasing function of both x1 and x2 when x1 > 0 and x2 > 0 so nonsatiation is satis? ed. 1. 1. 3 Implications of nonsatiation 1.If utility is strictly increasing in both goods then the indi? erence curve is downward sloping because if x1 is increased holding x2 constant then utility is increased, so it is necessary to reduce x2 to get back to the original indi? erence curve. 2. If utility is strictly increasing in both goods then a consumer that maximizes utility subject to the budget constraint and nonnegativity constraints will choose a bundle of goods which satis? es the budget constraint as an equality so p1 x1 + p2 x2 = m, because if p1 x1 + p2 x2 < m it is possible to increase utility by increasing x1 and x2 whilst still satisfying the budget constraint. A number is strictly positive if it is greater than 0. function is strictly increasing in x1 if when x0 > x1 and x2 is held constant at x2 then u x0 , x2 & gt; u (x1 , x2 ). 1 1 The important point here is that the inequality > is strict. 2A 1 1. 1. 4 Nonsatiation with perfect complements utility A utility function of the form u (x1 , x2 ) = min (a1 x1 , a2 x2 ) is called a perfect complements utility function, but the partial derivative argument does not work because the partial derivatives do not exist at a point where a1 x1 = a2 x2 which is where the solution to the consumer’s utility maximizing problem always lie.This is discussed in consumer theory worked example 6 1. 2 1. 2. 1 Nonsatiation: beyond EC201 Complications with the Cobb-Douglas utility function A really detailed discussion of nonsatiation with Cobb-Douglas utility would note that the partial derivative argument does not work at points where the partial derivatives do not exist. The partial ? u derivative does not exist if x1 = 0 because the formula requires dividing by 0. Similarly the ? x1 ?u formula for requires dividing by 0 if x2 = 0 so the function does not have a partial derivative with ? x2 respect to x2 when x2 = 0.However observe that if x1 = 0 or x2 = 0 then u(x1 , x2 ) = 0, whereas if x1 > 0 and x2 > 0 then u(x1 , x2 ) > 0 so if one or both x1 and x2 is zero then increasing both x1 and x2 always increases utility. Thus nonsatiation holds for all values of x1 and x2 with x1 ? 0 and x2 ? 0. 1. 2. 2 More general formulations ?u ?u > 0 and > 0 implies nonsatiation. However these conditions can be ?x1 ?x2 weakened considerably without losing the implication that the consumer maximizes utility by choosing a point on the budget line which is what really matters.For example if utility is increasing in good 1 but decreasing in good 2 so good 2 is in fact a â€Å"bad† the consumer maximizes utility by spending all income on good 1 and nothing on good 2. The condition that 2 2. 1 2. 1. 1 Convexity and concavity Concepts Convex sets A set is convex if the straight line joining any two points in the set lies entirely within the set. Figure 1 illustrates convex and non-convex sets. 2. 1. 2 Convex functions A function is convex if the straight line joining any two points on the graph of the function lies entirely on or above the graph as illustrated in ? gure 2.Another way of looking at convex functions is that they are functions for which the set of points lying above the graph is convex. Figure 2 suggests that if the ? rst derivative of a function does not decrease anywhere then the function is convex. This suggestion is correct. If the function has a second derivative that is positive or zero everywhere then the ? rst derivative cannot decrease so the function is convex. This gives a way of testing whether a function is convex. Find the second derivative; if the second derivative is positive or zero everywhere then the function is convex. 2. 1. 3Concave functions Concave functions are important in the theory of the ? rm. A function is concave if the straight line joining any two points on the graph of the function lies entirely on or below the graph as illustrated in ? gure 3. Another way of looking at concave functions is that they are functions for which the set of points lying below the graph is convex. Figure 3 suggests that if the ? rst derivative of a function does not increase anywhere then the function is concave. This suggestion is correct. If the function 2 Convexity Mathematically a set is convex if any straight line joining wo points in the set lies in the set. Which of these sets are convex? B A non-convex convex C D convex non-convex Figure 1: Convex sets A function is convex if a straight line joining two points on its graph lies entirely on or above the function. If the second derivative of the function is positive or zero at every point then x2 the function is convex. 0 x1 Figure 2: A convex function 3 A f unc tio n is c on ca ve if a s tra ight lin e joining tw o po ints on its g ra ph lies en tirely o n or be low the fun ction . If the s ec on d de riv a tiv e o f the fun ction is ne ga tive or zero a t e very p oint the n 2 the fun ction is c on ca ve . ca ve 0 x1 Figure 3: A concave function has a second derivative that is negative or zero everywhere then the ? rst derivative cannot increase so the function is concave. This gives a way of testing whether a function is convex. Find the second derivative; if the second derivative is negative or zero everywhere then the function is concave. You may ? nd it easier to remember the di? erence between convex and concave functions if you think that a function is concave if it has a cave underneath it. 2. 2 2. 2. 1 Convexity in consumer theory De? nitionThe convexity assumption in consumer theory is that for any (x10 , x20 ) the set of points for which u(x1 , x2 ) ? u (x10 , x20 ) is convex. If utility is strictly increasing in both x1 and x2 so the indi? erence curve slopes downwards the convexity assumption is is equivalent to an assumption that thinking of the indi? erence curve as th e graph of a function that gives x2 as a function of x1 the function is convex. ?u ?u > 0 and > 0 so the indi? erence Thus if the test for nonsatiation establishes that both ?x1 ?x2 curves are downward sloping the convexity assumption can be tested by rearranging the equation for an indi? rence curve to get x2 as a function of x1 and u, and then ? nding whether the second derivative ? 2 x2 > 0. ?x2 1 2. 2. 2 Example: testing for convexity with a Cobb-Douglas utility function 2/5 3/5 Here u(x1 , x2 ) = x1 x2 . Write 2/5 3/5 u = x1 x2 . (3) Rearranging to get x2 as a function of x1 and u ?2/3 x2 = u5/3 x1 . Holding u constant so staying on the same indi? erence curve ? x2 2 ?5/3 = ? u5/3 x1 ?x1 3 and 10 5/3 ? 8/3 ? 2 x2 = >0 u x1 ?x2 9 1 4 (4) ?u ?u > 0 and > 0 the indi? erence ?x1 ?x2 curve is downward sloping and the preferred set is above the indi? rence curve so the convexity condition is satis? ed. so on an indi? erence curve x2 is a convex function of x1 . Beca use 2. 2. 3 Algebra problems You should know how to rearrange equation 3 to get equation 4. If this is causing you problems note ? rstly that equation 3 implies that ? ?5/3 2/5 3/5 2/3 u5/3 = x1 x2 = x1 x2 so x2 = 2. 3 u5/3 2/3 x1 ?2/3 = u5/3 x1 . Beyond EC201 Concavity and convexity can be de? ned algebraically and this is essential if you want to prove any results about concavity and convexity rather than appealing to intuition as I have done here.The procedure I have given for checking the convexity condition in consumer theory requires that the ? rst ? u ?u derivatives > 0 and > 0 and does not work with more than two goods. There is a much ? x1 ?x2 more general method; write down the matrix of second derivatives of the function u (x1 , x2 ). If this matrix is positive semide? nite everywhere the function is convex, if the matrix is negative semide? nite everywhere the function is concave. You do not need to know about this for EC201. 5

Autism 3

Autism 3 Essay Many years ago, I watched a young boy rock back and forth as he worked a crossword puzzle. I tried to distract him from working the puzzle to ride bikes with me. I continuously asked him to play with me, but he kept staring at the puzzle while I attempted to look in his eyes. He took the puzzle apart and flipped the pieces in the air, one at a time. He did not speak, but he made crying noises. The more I asked questions or talked to him, the louder his cries became. As his frustration grew, he balled his fists up, punched his eyes, and kicked his feet. I was curious about his activity. I was later told the boy {my brother} was autistic, says Tamara Robinson in an interview. Autism is a syndrome of childhood characterized by a lack of social relationship, a lack of communication abilities, persistent compulsive, rituals, and resistance to change (Paluszny 1). For centuries, medical professionals have tried to understand autism and its origin. The above example shows only a few examples of autistic behavior. The history of autism extends, as far back as the late sixteenth century; however, during that time it was not identified as this illness. Here is a statement from before the discovery of the illness: In 1799, a boy about eleven years of age was found naked in the woods of Averyron, France. He was dirty, covered with sores, mute, and behaved like A wild animal. Jean Itard, the physician of the new institution for deaf-mutes, Was given charge of the abandoned child. From Itards description, Victor Showed many features of autismhe did not look at people and never Played with the toys, but showed remarkable memory in recalling the position Of objects in his room and resisted any change of these objects. (Paluszny 2) In attempt to educate Victor, Itard used a glass of water as a form of encouragement, but he continued to remain silent and never spoke any words. It was not until 1943 that the label autism was used by a child psychiatrist, named Leo Kanner to describe the symptoms. The term autism derives from auto, the Greek word for self, (Hamblin 137). Kanner used this term when he studied eleven children who had a unique form of schizophrenia (Hamblin 136). Although, it was later determined that even though some of the characteristics of schizophrenia and autism are not the same, Kanner did open new doors for an intensive study of a confusing syndrome. The causes of autism are unknown. In most cases, the pregnancies of mothers of autistic children were normal. Occasionally, there were cases of maternal bleeding, prematurity, or maternal rubella, but these situations do not appear consistently. One possibility that scientists have researched is genetics. Chromosomal studies have been attempted to detect if autism is a result of too many chromosomes, because autism is more dominant in males than females, (Ritvo 169). The frequency in males is approximately 3/5,000 (Ritvo 169). Since females have two X-chromosomes and males have an X and Y chromosome, than the Y chromosome can be considered in current research activities. Another possibility is the malfunctioning of the brain. According to Adler, neurobiological researchers have localized several regions of the brain that are responsible for social interaction skills (248). Frith says, a biological defect causes autism, the symptoms which include a lack of communication, socialization and imagination. Scientists are continually searching for answers. During the stages of infancy, the autistic baby seems normal. Then, a period of time before the age of three, the child experiences regression. In some cases, the first signs are at the age of three. There is no exact determination of when the signs appear. When autistic parents were told to think back in time before the third year, some parents said that they could not pinpoint exactly what the difference was, but they described a vague feeling that something was wrong from infancy (Paluszny 4). In normal development of children, Paluszny says that one of the first milestones is the social smile (4). Babies smile and respond to the faces and voices of adults. The autistic infant does not bring about .

The Spectacle of Terror Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Spectacle of Terror - Essay Example Now a day, violence on television has become concrete representation of class conflict in the society. The easy accessibility to the media technology helped quickly revealing many significant events across the country. For instance, the police trial and consequent unrest in Los Angeles, the Rodney King beating, and the 9/11, together with the alarming revelation of the country’s vulnerability towards international terrorist attacks. The media has become an integral part of the real and essential assemblies of various social institutions like, hospitals, schools, political, administrative and military systems, even in religions. The media has the power to lead gathering and transmitting news, advertising, conducting campaigns. In the same way, there is a widely accepted belief that â€Å"those who make the headlines have the power.† Moreover, the media plays significant role for successfully conducting and executing wars, educational programs, entertainment, and socializ ation. The influences the media have on such social enterprises are legitimate points for evaluating the impacts of saturation too. Even though the general individual homicide rates in U.S. have been steady for many years, there is an increase in the number of school-aged children towards homicidal attitudes. Since 1980s, there have been a sudden rise in the gun-related homicides among the teens and several publicized murders have taken place in schools making the issue too complicated to handle. The violence among youth is attributed to the permutation of various factors, which impede their emotional ad social developments. Obviously, visual media has played a great role in creating such drastic situation. Today, visual media has become an invasive element of American family life, and symbolic violence illustrated in such medium has become a significant social issue. Therefore, such obvious revelation underlines the question of media’s ability to form awareness and attitude within the mass, especially the youth. We find it too hard to form counterbalancing factors to the violent death themes exemplified by the media. Moreover, the ability to discrete between fantasy and reality is very less in the children, adversely affecting them by creating misconception of death in their mind. Hence, consequences are getting enlarged in an age of media modernization, expansion, and saturation. When the media content is in progress with technology and culture, it influences the method in which reality is comprehended. The modern perceptive and assessment of violence at the hands of government representatives and terrorists are customized and memorized by the present media technologies. In the same way, visual media often undergoes a phenomenon called â€Å"disaster marathons,† days and weeks of intense and continuous media coverage of massive tragedies such as, the 9/11 and its aftermath. In the opinion of Fischoff (2005), it creates all kind of possible dest ructive consequences on viewers and on journalists’ ethics due to the emotionally saturated over coverage of these traumatizing events. Undoubtedly, the media passes on entertainment and related diversions to all segments of people. The foremost audio-visual medium that

What are the implications of differences between reporting by IFRS and Essay

What are the implications of differences between reporting by IFRS and US GAAP reporting by UK Investment banks and US GAAP reporting by US investment banks - Essay Example The report includes an analysis of financial statements of Merrill Lynch and Investec which are in the investment banking industry operating on different sides of the hemisphere. The history of the European investment banking industry dates back to the 1700’s when London was the major city for investment banking activity. The United States after it was founded in the late part of the 18th century attracted a lot of European entrepreneurs and investors which later enjoyed a great surplus of a diversified workforce, which contributed to the creation of the richest nation in the world. The United States had taken the lead in the 20th century to build the best and most sophisticated financial system (SEC) based on Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). This gained early experience in the emerging industry and obtained the greatest market share of equity selling volume in the world. European nations solidified the investment banking industry at the turn of the 21st century. This study analyses the differences between GAAP and IFRS in investment banking affairs in order to compare and contrast the systems. Moreover, the impact of differing policies on decision making is further explored. The research is broken down into seven parts: The problem statement, research objectives, literature review, and importance of the study, research design/methodology, schedule and conclusion. The current state of the industry as well as the future trends is discussed throughout the paper. The investment banking practices in Europe and the United States do not follow the same procedures and regulations because the GAAP and IFRS frameworks utilised in each continental region differ. This affects company and capital investor’s worldwide. For example if a USA based company wishes to sell its shares in a European stock exchange such as the

Are Kids Over Medicated Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Are Kids Over Medicated - Essay Example Additionally, poor health choices lead to obesity, high blood pressure, heart conditions, diabetes, and psychological conditions between the ages of 4 and 19 years (Warner 128). Consequently, doctors find it easier to offer medication instead of lasting solutions like a healthy diet, exercise, and regional medical checkups. Many parents find it affordable to treat conditions using medications and prevent adapting to healthy choices to improve overall health condition of their children. Thus, over reliance on over the counter drugs and laziness to adopt healthy lifestyle lead to overmedication of kids. Many people believe that there is a drug to cure every problem. Many parents find this as a relief, and choose to medicate to prevent their children from suffering. You shall find many homesteads have all manner of painkillers, energy boosters, and antidepressant for their kids. The immune system becomes weaker by the day due to constant reliance on medication. Once the body becomes weaker, it requires additional medication to make the immune system stronger to enable the body resume normal functioning. This creates a cycle of medication in the life of a young adult. Children often suffer from behavioral conditions such as moodiness, insomnia, anger erratic episodes, and low appetite among others, but instead of seeking psychological help, parents go for over the counter medicines to relieve these conditions. Accordingly, pharmaceutical companies stepped in to create pills that cure these conditions, yet these are common problems that kids encounter especially during teen years, and thus, do not require medication. According to recent health reports, many pharmaceutical companies are reaping high rewards for manufacturing children’s medications (Elizabeth 8). For instance, antipsychotics medication treats intellectual disability, hyperactive disorder, and disruptive behavior disorder. These same

Making lessons accessible for English language learners Essay

Making lessons accessible for English language learners - Essay Example In this case the goals consist of i) helping the non-speaking English students overcome their lack of confidence in giving proper expression to their views in response to a given topic or issue in English language ii) knowing how to begin with critical approach iii) being able to convey their views to others iv) helping them avoid summarization. The whole process of teaching this particular lesson would help in reinforcing their analytical thinking (Schneberger). The modifications I find most essential to be done for specifically the English language learners is in the topic on which they are to write in response. I would like to bank on the visual sense as I believe it is the most effective way of getting a response. Therefore I would present a descriptive picture before my students and ask them to write down a few lines on what they see in the picture. At this point I think it is important for the teacher to explain the meaning and importance of ‘Response Writing’ to the students as they are not so familiar with the English language. They are also to be made aware of the stages of ‘Response Writing’ (Schneberger). I feel that it would be needful to ask the students to share their observation with the rest of the class. They are to be asked to read aloud individually. This would not only help the teacher check upon their reading skill but also whether they have got down the points correctly or not? The teacher should then ask them to note down the similarity in the points between each other (Schneberger). After listening to the students, the teacher is to write the word ‘summary’ on the board (Schneberger) in order to point out specifically the difference between ‘critical response’ and ‘summary’. It is always better to write out than tell while teaching. By writing down the difference and definitions the students get a better understanding of the meanings. The teacher should distinctly point out to the students

Teaching Methods in our Public Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teaching Methods in our Public Schools - Essay Example The study should aim at incorporating various learning styles into the curriculum, which will greatly assist in keeping pace with the modern world. Some of these learning methods include; Discovery learning which is strictly a learner-centered approach. The learner is expected to apply his or her creative skills, draw hypothesis, perform experiments and logically interpret their own data to arrive at well-researched conclusions. The method largely contributes to the learner's cognitive development. Co-operative learning is the second method which calls calls for discussion and mutual exchange of ideas amongst students. It is aimed at promoting teamwork. A research conducted by Johnson (1979) indicates that the method not only assisted the teachers but also was also highly preferred by the students. Lastly, they talks about Digital learning a method which involves the use of modern electronic devices that assist learner in making their work easier for instance in making calculations. Teachers are also trained on how to use these devices which include calculators, computers etc. They also appear to be satisfied with the mode of communication, which includes good relations between them and their leaders. However they are not happy since there is on openness in sharing of knowledge and information.

Network and Internet Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Network and Internet Security - Essay Example This technique ensures that there is only one key which will be used – that is a secret key. Asymmetric encryption (Public key encryption) - requires the use of a two keys where one is a private key and the other is a public key which is known to a number of people. With that, these two keys (public and private keys) are used interchangeable to encrypt and decrypt messages. Hybrid encryption (single key and public key) – this technique used both the symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques. It is important to note that, modern systems have been designed to be dynamic in terms of the encryption technique (s) that they are using. As a result; they can use both the symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques interchangeably. Encryption by a shared secret: As the name suggests, two hosts can be in a position to exchange information through the use of a shared secret and/ or a secret key. This mechanism is characterised by the fact that the shared secret key is used to encrypt both the senders and the recipient’s messages. Based on that, this channel faces very high security risks since if the message is tapped or eavesdropped, the attacker can be in a position to use the shared secret key to either encrypt or decrypt the entire conversation. Based on that, data security is highly compromised. The other challenge faced with the shared secret key encryption is the fact that the higher the messages that are being sent on the communication channel by the hosts, their corresponding keys will also be increased. As a result, there will be too many keys being shared. Thirdly, due to the fact that it is a shared key, if the sender’s key is not known, decrypting the... Sessions keys are implemented using the following process description: If Host A, B and C want to communicate to each other; they have to set up an encrypted link among themselves. With that, if Host A wants to send an encrypted message to B and C, then A will have to provide its key that will be used by B and C in a bid to decrypt the ciphered message. This key exchange process requires the availability of a Key Distribution Centre (KDC) that is used to store the shared session keys. It is worthy to note that, this scheme totally depends on the KDC and if the KDC encounters any problems, then that will compromise on data security. With that stated, below are some of the challenges that may be faced by the KDC. First, if the KDC fails to store the session keys, then the hosts will not be in a position to encrypt and decrypt the messages. Secondly, if the number of keys grows then there is a need for a scalable KDC else it will fail to provide the keys. Thirdly, the KDC is not used fo r connection fewer protocols. Fourth, transporting the keys physically can be tedious. The above encryption techniques can be used in the following protocols and/ or products: Kerberos V4, Kerberos V5 and Secure Socket Layer (SSL). Kerberos is a network authentication protocol that is used in a bid to provide security for both the client and the server through the use of the secret-key cryptography. Kerberos also depends entirely on the KDC so as to ensure secure communication between the hosts.

Working and non-working students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Working and non-working students - Essay Example The academic grades of students depend on the time spent on study sessions. Working students spend a considerable part of working. Thus, they have minimal time for class sessions and individual study (Berkel, 2010). Consequently, their grades suffer substantial deterioration, leading to lower grades. By contrast, the non-working counterparts dedicate the most time to study. Therefore, they are likely to register higher grades. Nonetheless, academics performance depends on the manner by which employment coincides with apathy in academics. Non-working students and working students both spend time in participation in co-curricular activities. The degree of participation, however, depends on the commitment of students. Thus, students who work are likely to engage in fewer co-curricular activities compared to their counterparts (Berkel, 2010). Socializing and entertainment depend on the relevant context. Working students spend minimal periods in socializing with non-working students, especially those who reside in college hostels (Berkel, 2010). However, they can associate with work mates on regular basis and event accord time for entertainment during weekends. The learning environment, by contrast, offers opportunities for students to mingle and participate in entertainment. In conclusion, working and working students portray diverse academic performance, co-curricular participation levels, and entertainment/socializing levels. Regardless of their variances, both sets of students make up the modern learning

The Formation of Diels-Alder Reactions Essay Example for Free

The Formation of Diels-Alder Reactions Essay The Diels-Alder reactions consist of a reversible dienophile and diene all in a one-step reaction initiated by head. These reactions form a six membered ring with at least one pi bond and two sigma bonds, making the reaction exothermic. The goal of the first part of these experiments is to make products that have a greater aromatic stabilization. In 1928, Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder first documented this type of reaction, hence the name Diels-Alder reactions. Their reaction is one of the more useful reactions done in chemistry because it does not require very much energy in order to make the cyclohexene ring and the result can create four stereo centers, making it compatible for a variety of functional groups which still has double bonds in the products. Dimethyl Tetraphenylphthalate. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.100g), dimethyl acetylene-dicarboxylate (0.1mL), and nitrobenzene (1mL) was placed into a reaction tube with a boiling stick. The reaction was heated until the purple solution turns tan and refluxed. Ethanol(3mL) was stirred in after the solution was warm, and placed in ice. The solid was vacuum filtered, washed with ethanol, dried and weighed. Hexaphenylbenzene. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.100g) and diphenylacetylene (500mg) was placed in a reaction tube and loosely capped. The solid was heated to reflux with a sad bath until the solid turned a brown color. The tube was shaken gently to bring about white solids at the bottom of the reaction tube. Diphenyl ether(2mL) was added and heated until the solid dissolved. The reaction tube was cooled again and had toluene(2mL) added then placed in ice. The product was vacuum filtered, washed with toluene, dried, and weighed. Tetraphenylnaphthalene. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone(0.500g), glyme(3mL), and a boiling chip was added to a reaction tube. Isoamyl nitrite(0.35mL) was added via syringe to reaction tube and heated to reflux for 2-5 minutes. Anthranilic acid(0.250g) and glyme(2mL) was dissolved in a separate reaction tube, then added to refluxing solution dropwise via pipette. The color changed from brown to yellow after 5 minutes, and then heat was added for another 2 min. The mixture was shaken and cooled to room temperature. Ethanol(10mL) and saturated sodium bicarbonate(5mL) was added to the solution and shaken to allow solid to form. The solid was vacuum filtered, washed two times with cold water, then two times with cold ethanol. The product is then recrystallized with nitrobenzene/ethanol, filtered, dried and weighed. The melting point was recorded. Triptycene. Anthracene(0.400g), isoamyl(0.4mL), glyme(4mL) and a boiling chip was placed into a reaction tube and heated using a sand bath. Anthranilic acid(0.520g) was dissolved into glyme(2mL). Anthranilic acid solution was added deopwise via pipette into refluxing apparatus over a twenty minute period, followed by isoamyl nitrite(0.4mL). the mixture was refluxed for an additional ten minutes, then cooled. Ethanol(5mL), 3 M sodium hydroxide solution(10mL) was added to solution. Mixture was filtered and rinsed with cold ethanol, then cold water, then took the crude weight of the product. The solid was placed into a round bottomed flask where maleic anhydride(0.200g) and triglyme(4mL) was added. The mixture was refluxed for five minutes, and cooled. Ethanol(2mL) and 3 M sodium hydroxide solution(6mL) was added to solution. The mixture was filtered and rinsed with cold ethanol and cold water, recrystallized with methanol, filtered, dried and weighted to get final product.

Feminism Reading Essay Essay Example for Free

Feminism Reading Essay Essay The rise of the two classifications of young women was the central theme in Baer’swork. The role of young women was said to be significant in the field of competitive markets, consumption and sexual aspect of life. This significance of young women in the said aspects of society caught the attention of the public such as the state itself, some private sectors, researchers and media. They became aware of the fact that young women have this tendency to create good effects on the society as well as bad effects. Thus, social change was most represented by a trend on young women’s character. Such character of young women can be either seen as moving towards success or failure. Classifications were established due to the contrasting view on the character of girlhood. The former was said to be the kind of young women or teenage girls who are optimistic, resilient and confident in character. They are high-spirited and self-motivated with regards to their future. They do things that they think would help them achieve their goals in life no matter what their condition is. These kind of young women are more likely become successful in any of their endeavor due to their positive character and outlook in life. On the other hand, the latter was described as those young women who are involved in juvenile crimes and possessed unwilling attitudes towards the society. They are the young women who pose threat to social order as well as to other individuals (chiefly because they are the ones who involve themselves on crimes, illegal activities, and untoward actions). At-risk girls are often cited as failure in the society. Consequently, their lives are becoming unsuccessful. Due to these distinctions between can-do girls and at-risk girls, the subject of womanhood has been a target of criticisms and debates. As described earlier, can-do girls are young women who pursue their career with great efforts. They plan everything that is necessary for the actualization of their ambitions in life. Most likely, this planning stage includes the education of young women. Can-do girls start to make plans for their future upon entering in school. This is where they tend to achieve their dreams and ambitions step by step. Can-do girls know what they want to do and what they want to have in the future hence they know very well what actions they should make in order for them to reach their ideal status in the future. Can-do girls were also seen as a very good factor in the economic progress. Consumption was also an area of experience for young women. Since they were getting very good amount of salary, their expenditures contribute to the growth of the economy. With this, the marketplace also saw the importance of producing goods that are attractive to young women. Can-do girls are women who have good taste in purchasing products hence marketplaces should take into consideration the fact that young women do not easily buy goods that are not appealing to them. As Judith Baer cited in her work, product endorser and advertisers used catchwords that more likely have good impact to young women. More so, young women were becoming so much in tuned of patronizing products or goods that were advertised or endorsed by famous women such as Britney Spears, Spice Girls and Madonna. Because of this, marketplaces also considered young women’s interests in buying products. Lastly, can-do girls were also seen as young women who did not prioritize motherhood. In this sense, young women regarded motherhood as a great hindrance for achieving their goals in life. It is to be noted that in order to achieve good career, young women should be focused on what she was doing or what she was pursuing. Nonetheless, having child or children would mean lose of focus on work and diversion of attention from work to family-matters. Being a mother requires sacrificing young women’s personal ambitions while focusing more on keeping their family in order especially their children. (McMahon, 1995) Consequently, the use of contraceptives like condoms and pills were advocated by the government so as to reduce birth-rate (or population growth) likewise help the young women in maintaining their focus on their careers. According to the book, another factor that contributed to this harsh condition of at-risk girls was the fact that they were also belong in a cultural or ethnic groups which were held responsible for the failure of these young women. As stated above, community and family background were also few of the factors that triggered the at-risk girls to live in misfortune and wretched life. Inept family traditions and beliefs confined these young women to a way of thinking that they were inferior in every aspect such that they should not try to make efforts to advance themselves. Likewise, community and environment were other factors that shaped young women’s mentality regarding their role and place in the society. Unable to excel in school or even failed to finish their schooling; at-risk girls had a hard time on applying for jobs. Companies were inclined to pick employees that were able to complete their studies (meaning, those who finished their studies with a degree). Consequently, at-risk girls were most of the times unqualified to be hired in such kind of companies. Or even if they got the chance to be hired in certain companies, they were designated to low positions and had a very small chance of being promoted to a higher position. Looking into History (Herstory) But during the early 60’s some issues arose from the peaceful starting years of the postwar period. One issue was about racism, this have been visible in a series of race riots in Los Angeles in 1965 and in Detroit, 1967. In this decade immigrants to the U. S. included people of color, largely the Hispanic race. At those times poverty was common to the Hispanics and the black-American race. The majority of the families of the black race are single parented. Within that decade, a distinct trend of inequality in the economy was rising, and it created a group of underclass people in which the colored skin Americans prevails. Also these groups have also been used by politicians that wanted to try to appeal to the white voters at the time when the rate of unemployment was high. And majority of the population of the African Americans believed and felt that there is discrimination among colored people. Not only the racial conflicts emerged but also issues on gender were seen arising, and it was in those times when they started to talk about femininism. The Post war feminism focused from definite discrimination, one of the examples is unequal laws, to indefinite conceptions of relationships between genders. While there are many existing issues about discrimination, unbalanced opportunities, compensation and manipulation of reproduction stayed aside, the views and focus seemed to be on the examination of the popularity of male models of society and also in the politics. And women were seen and ultimately women in the view of them as such models, resulted in indistinct potentialities. The Second wave feminists were giving focus on attaining ample equality in the social and economic aspect, since they have already gained nearly full equality in legal rights in a number of nations in the west({Meyerowitz, 1994). On the same period which was the postwar in America, Senator Joseph McCarthy said that the Communists had penetrated the United States government at high levels. As a result Americans felt a sense of anxiety about their nation and it reflected with questions like was America the greatest country in the world? Was life in America the best it had ever been (Bradley, 1998)? As years were passing by, the problem and issue of self-satisfaction and self-doubt in culture about compliance and the truth behind the value of living the American values, were reflected and seen in literature. One of example of these issues impact on the American literature during the postwar period was the writings of Gwendolyn Brooks. Brooks’ was a dedicated poet, she started working and publishing her works since she was on her teen-age years, and her writings were not of the common poetries you can see. During the post war period, her writings created a great impact on society and most of her poems were given attention, it is because she is an African-American that wrote poems usually about the characters from the poor inner city and the African-Americans’ everyday experiences in the neighborhoods. One significant publication of Gwendolyn Brooks was the book â€Å"A Street in Bronzeville†. This book was a collection of poems which described the hopes and disappointments of the Bronzeville people. Most of Brooks’ works focused on the discrimination among blacks in such poems as The Ballad of Chocolate Mabbie; it tells the story of Willie Boone choosing a lighter-skinned girl than Mabbie. And The Ballad of Pearl May Lee. ; a story about Pearl May Lee takes revenge when a threatening situation happens to her. These black women characters in the poems were poor and discriminated (Brooks, 1945). With regards to consumption, at-risk girls were seen as purchasers of alcoholic beverages, prohibited drugs, and cigarettes. They often abused the use of these material goods that in a way had bad effects on their health (physical, psychological, and emotional aspects). Moreover, there were also cases in which at-risk girls paid for deadly and illegal weapons – probably they used them in their delinquent activities. Herewith, government implemented policies that were geared towards the regulation of at-risk girl’s delinquent activities and misbehaviors. Finally, at-risk girls were said to be more prone to early motherhood. Teen motherhood entails enduring social dilemmas and lost of opportunities for young women as well as for the community itself. Lacking knowledge about contraception, at-risk girls failed to plan for their future as mothers. Effects of early motherhood include failed marriages, high cases of unwed teenage mothers, and unemployment of teenage mothers. (Musick, 1995) Additionally, government was alarmed of such instances because when teenage mothers failed to support their children, the government had no choice but to help them in sustaining the lives of their children. It would increase government expenditures in which if the cases of teenage motherhood were minimize, also the probability that the government expenditure would increase would also be minimized. Analysis As how Judith Baer illustrated in her work, young women can be classified in two categories or classifications. Those young women who were most likely become successful in their careers were said to be can-do girls while those who failed to do so were labeled as at-risk girls. Such distinction was obvious. Apparently, the society was in a way aware of this situation – that there were can-do and at-risk girls. And such opposing characters of young women cannot be discounted. Either the two classifications caused good or bad in society’s everyday existence, it truly had immense outcome such that the government cannot undervalue its effects. Planned effort and individual choice were listed as the primary elements in obtaining the status of young women as either successful or failure. As given in Baer’s work, can-do girls truly make well plans for their future. They used all their sources and access so as to arrive at success. However, at-risk girls were either lacking of enough sources and access to plan for their future or really did not have intention of making plans for their future. Using these presumptions, can-do girls and at-risk girls can easily be distinguished. Nonetheless, the aforementioned initial elements were said to be insufficient in evaluating the distinction between can-do and at-risk girls. In addition to the initial elements discussed above, economic and cultural resources were also of great importance. Mostly, young women who were given the luck of having high economic status in life had more chance of becoming can-do-girls, pursuing what she wanted to have and doing what she liked to do. In contrast, young women who were unfortunately situated in a family which have a low financial access were most likely become at-risk girls. Families of the can-do girls can afford to send their youth in schools that were highly-recognized. Likewise, these families can sufficiently finance the schooling of their youth. While families of the at-risks girls lived in poverty, they cannot pay for the education of their youth. In this regard, the potentiality of young women to become either successful or failure can be greatly affected by their economic and cultural status in life. The government should make actions and programs or policies that would encourage and facilitate the conversion of at-risk girls into can-do girls. According to Our Lives Before the Law, the government was really making ways in which they can support and help their young women. This was primarily due to the fact that there is a high demand of young women in the competitive and labor markets. By helping them in achieving good career and also good status in life, United Kingdom would also reap the fruits of such effort prospering its economic status. In addition in the United States, juvenile delinquency of young women was treated by making programs that tend to rehabilitate them. Mental offices were also institutionalized in order to help the government in its rehabilitation program on misbehaved young women. If young women were really supported and helped by the government, cases of at-risk girls would be easily reduced. In such undertaking, at-risk girls could be converted to can-do girls by giving assistance to the young women. In doing so, government should start such assistance by advocating quality education to young women. Having access on education implies good start in pursuit of better future. By monitoring the education young women as well as their family and community background, young women can be directed to the right path. Being successful in education could bring about success in work. Young women who finished their studies most likely got good jobs (high-paying jobs). And having a good educational background, young women were more competitive with regards to their career. Likewise, being a well-rounded person, young women, who were then regarded as can-do girls, became good consumers. Knowing that their demands greatly matters in the marketplace, they would realize that what they were going to buy would reflect who and what kind of woman they were. Hence they would become choosier when it comes to consumption. When it comes to motherhood, government handled it by promoting the use of contraceptives. Family planning was also one of the mechanisms or programs established by the government in treating the case of early motherhood. Government saw that if young women would engage themselves in early motherhood, opportunities for them would be lost. Investing in young women or teenage girls would really mean critical and serious endeavor. Young women, just like young men, have great potentials when it comes to what they can contribute in the society. Therefore government, non-governmental, and private institutions should take young women’s role in the society as significant as how they view young men. Conclusion Young women have been seen as one of the indicators of social change. In this light, the general public, the government and the society itself see young women as vital factors within and outside the community. The distinction between can-do and at-risk girls was derived from the diverse approach of young women on the concept of success and failure. Likewise, the society sets criteria from which young women would be classified as either can-do or at-risk. Furthermore, facets such as personal choice, planned effort, economic and cultural groupings are seen as the defining marks that distinguish the young women. In human life aspects, young women play important roles. They are not only seen as child-bearers and household chores-managers but more of individuals who are capable of transcending themselves from the traditional and conventional roles given to them by the society. In the workplace and marketplace, young women are regarded as co-equal with young men who have big potential of being excellent and very competitive employee as well as very intelligent consumer. In view of motherhood, young women should be guided by the government in order to prevent them from losing their good careers. Also the labor markets or companies also support such endeavor by giving bonuses and maternity leave to the young women who patronize motherhood in their mid thirties and above. It should be stressed out here that the government and the labor markets are against motherhood only that they view motherhood as more enjoyable when the mother already achieved what she wants and has already established good career and good status in life. To end, classification of young women pertains to their character as persons and as women in striving for successful life supported and facilitated by the society. References: AAPOLA, S. , HARRIS, A. GONICK, M. (2005) Young Femininity: Girlhood, Power and Social Change, Palgrave Macmillan BAER, J. A. (1999) Our Lives Before the Law: Constructing a Feminist Jurisprudence. Princeton University Press. BRADLEY, B. (1998). American Cultural History. Retrieved March 12, 2007, from http://kclibrary. nhmccd. edu/decade50. html BROOKS, G. (1945). A street in Bronzeville. New York: Harper. BURN, S. M. (2004) Women Across Cultures: A Global Perspective McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages. COLLECTIVE, H. C. W. S. S. (1995) Womens Realities, Womens Choices: An Introduction to Womens Studies, Oxford University Press. EHRENREICH, B. HOCHSCHILD, A. R. (2003) Global Woman: Nannies, Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy Amazon Remainders Account. HARRIS, A. (2003) Future Girl: Young Women in the Twenty-First Century London, Routledge. HARRIS, A. (2004) All About the Girl: Culture, Power, and Identity Routledge. JIWANI, Y. STEENBERGEN, C. (2006) Girlhood: Redefining the Limits Black Rose Books KESSELMAN, A. , MCNAIR, L. D. SCHNIEDEWIND, N. (2006) Women: Images Realities, a Multicultural Anthology McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages. KONZAK, B. , KONZAK, S. KONZAK, M. (1999) Girl Power : Self-Defense for Teens, Sport Books Publisher MAZZARELLA, S. R. (1999) Growing Up Girls: Popular Culture and the Construction of Identity Peter Lang Publishing MCELROY, W. (2002) Liberty for Women: Freedom and Feminism in the Twenty-First Century. Ivan R. Dee Publishers. MCMAHON, M. (1995) Engendering Motherhood: Identity and Self-Transformation in Womens Lives The Guilford Press MEYEROWITZ, J. J. (1994). Not June Cleaver : women and gender in postwar America, 1945-1960. Philadelphia Temple University Press. MOORE, C. T. (1993-2007) Feminism. Feminism and Womens Studies. MORTIMER, J. T. (2003) Adolescents Preparation for the Future: Perils and Promise: A Report of the Study Group on Adolescence in the 21st Century Blackwell Publishing Limited MUSICK, J. S. (1995) Young, Poor, and Pregnant: The Psychology of Teenage Motherhood Yale University Press.

Strategic Supply Chain Management of Bakehouse

Strategic Supply Chain Management of Bakehouse Introduction Supply chain management has an important process in the business, as part of all the operations from the raw materials for manufacturing a product, to delivery on ready product to the end customer. The main focus of this module is based on the supply chain practices of an organisation that has potential to growth in the field of bakery industry. According to Wei Wu, (2013), the implementation of effective supply chain management can reduce costs, the shared information can maintain the higher market sensitivity. Supply chain involves the overall supply chain system of the organisation, including planning, operations, logistic and all the management activities such as: suppliers, manufacturing, distribution, and retailing to the end customer or consumer. The aim on this module is to review the current model of the supply chain of the bakery shop Backhaus and implementation on the literature review on SCM to coordinate different choices as an alternative for improvement on the existing Supply Chain Management. Background of the Organisation The Bakehaus as a concept was established back in 1988 in Germany, as a family business. There are twelve different products of bred as an offer to their customers, as a best seller product. The selling offer also gives a wide range of products, such as: sandwiches, salads and soups, pastries, cakes and hot snacks. (Eat Out Magazine, 2016). Bakehaus is a German bakery shop that is located in UK London- Hammersmith. The organisation is operation from 2011, and has been new to the competitive market. The shop is located on King Street, Hammersmith Tube Station. (Bakehaus, 2016). The vision of Bakehaus is to produce quality bakes products for low prices. There are 15 employees currently working in the shop. Long-term mission of the organisation is to expand, or open more shops around London, as a growing business in the industry. The products in terms of bread are based on grains and seeds from German suppliers, and there are no chemical additives or pre-mixed flower added, which gives the unique taste of the traditional German bread. Organisational Supply Chain Model The implementation of Supply Chain Management can have a positive impact on the business productivity, which will increase the improvements in returns on investments and assets. According to Lambert (2008) the main focus of the organisations is at their supply chain network, as their dependence on the SCM reflects on the competitiveness in the global market economy. (as cited from Naslund Williamson, 2010). Bakehaus sells a variety of different bakery products, but the main product is bread. When the product reaches the end consumer that represents one end of the supply chain network. The whole process of the supply chain begins from the suppliers of raw material, manufacturing, distribution and retailer or the Bakehaus shop which delivers the products to the end customer. According to the interview that has been undertaken from our team Evolution with the manager of the shop, there are eight suppliers that the organisation have a long-term relations.   The main suppliers of Bakehaus are: Watts Farms-UK for suppling vegetables, Klemme- for supplying bread. The relationship between the organisation and the suppliers is built on trust and loyalty, and its a non-contractual long term relationship, which is maintained for five years from the opening of the business.   The supply chain network for Bakehaus on their main product (bread) is direct from the manufacturer in Germany , which gives a competitive advantage on products in terms of quality and freshness. (see Figure 1). Figure 1: Bakehaus Current Supply Chain Model Adapted from: (Team Evolution Group Presentation, 2016) The costs for the transportation from Germany to UK is bared to minimum (as low as 0%), which gives the organisation additional savings that can be used in designing new products or services. The wastage on the shelf products is below 5%, and the main concept is based on freshness. BakeHaus Supply Chain Management Practices There are different levels of improvement that can be used in order to create an effective supply chain management. From the theoretical point of view Bakehause as part of their supply chain network is practicing techniques which have a positive impact on the strategic role of the organisation in terms of long term planning, consistent development and profitability and leading the organisation to competitive advantage in the market. (Cetinkaya, 2010). The two main techniques that the organisation is practicing involves: inventory management system which is used to the point of stocking the warehouses and just in time manufacturing system that is used in shop for delivering fresh and quality products to the end customer. Managing inventory plays a vital role in the supply chain network in order for the products to reach the end destination following the necessary time frame. Backhaus by applying this technique can keep their stock inventory at the lower level, which leads to more flexible supply chain. (Elms Low 2013). The inventory method that the organisation is applying within the supply chain network is called First in First Out (FIFO). 1.4 Literature Review on Supply Chain Practices There are many different theories in the literature that has been published over the years, when we look at Supply Chain Management as a practice. SCM plays a vital role in the organisational performance, as the organisations are challenged to find the best supply chain practice in order to meet the customer demands as well as minimizing production costs. (Jain, Dangayach, Agarwal Banerjee, 2010). Supply Chain Management can be defined as a network that includes facilities for producing raw material, transforming the raw material to ready products that are shipped to the end customer by using different kind of distribution channels. The main objective of the Supply Chain Management is to add value to the overall production and sales, minimising the costs, and to create a list of benefits for customers, suppliers and the organisation. (Shukla, Garg Agarwal 2011). The SCM network in one organisation can be successful, but problems can also occur. There are different ways in order to improve the current SCM. The improvements that can be used in practice, can give the organisation better performance in their SCM, and that can lead to better quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty. Supply Chain Management Practices includes: Agile Model, Lean Management, Kaizen, and Total Quality Management. 1.4.1 AGILE Model       Agility in organisational terms refers to flexibility. When considering agile improvement of the SCM, the main focus will be on the market. Agile model of Supply Chain practice can be applied in order for the organisation to be more flexible in terms of forecasting and dealing with the customer demands. (Christopher, 2000). In today business competitive industry, agility can play a vital role for the organisations in order to meet the needs of the customers. Agile Supply Chain which referees to flexibility, gives the organisations competitive edge in times of changes such as: environmental changes, technological changes or demands changes in the existing market. (Dhayalan, Devadasan, 2011). Just in time (JIT) is a system that has been developed in Japan in early 1970, as a management philosophy which combine the right product whit the right quality at the right place and the right time. Goddadrd (1986) believed that JIT as a philosophy has been applied to maximize customer demands at a minimum delays. (as cited from Kootanaee at al, 2013).

Greek Gods And Human Connections Essay -- essays research papers

The Greek gods and goddess carry many attributes, most human. They are very much like humans in the way that they have weaknesses and strengths. Even though the gods display their characteristics much more drastically than humans do, the similarities are obvious. In Rosenberg and Baker’s book, the Greek gods have many human characteristics such as vengeance, jealously, and love. An example of a human trait is that the Greek gods and goddess displayed excessive vengeance. Whenever anyone committed a crime against him or her, they always take revenge. Zeus is a good example because he often exercised his full authority as head of the Olympians. “When Zeus looked down from Mount Olympus and fire gleaming among Prometheus’ mortals, he controlled the fire in his heart. With cruel laughter he decided how he would punish the mankind'; (Rosenberg and Baker 106). Sometimes it is not a direct insult against the gods but an error in judgement. The gods were very unforgiving of human mistakes. “Apollo took revenge on Midas for his poor taste and even poorer judgement'; (Rosenberg and Baker 144). The gods usually carried the punishment out as soon as the crime was committed. They would not hesitate to use their powers to punish a mortal. It is the strong characteristic of vengeance that make the Greek gods strong and feared. Jealousy was a characteristic just as strong as vengeance. The Greek gods and goddess were jealous of mortals and each othe...

Ethics In Physical Therapy Essay -- essays research papers fc

Ethics in Physical Therapy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most rapidly growing occupations in the United States today is Physical Therapy. The United States Department of Labor has projected 23,000 unfilled physical therapist positions in the year 2000 and a lack of qualified physical therapists to fill them (www.apta.org). While Physical Therapy grows rapidly, questions of ethics in this field have also grown in large quantities. Physical therapy is the treatment of disease through physical means, including light, heat, sound waves, electricity, magnetic fields, and exercise (www.byu.edu). This means that therapists use many different forms to treat people, and treating people can be a large challenge because of all the different possibilities that could occur with the different treatments. Physical Therapy is a very rewarding and lucrative profession if the problems that come along with the job are dealt with in a capable manner. The main problem with Physical Therapy is the problem of the ethics of the profession. There are many ethical conflicts such as how to charge based on your services, and what types of services to give to each individual patient. To guide physical therapists in their decision making the American Physical Therapy Association came up with a code of ethics for it’s members to set their standards to work by. Their members are required to work by this code and are also required to maintain ethical practices. The first principle in their code is to respect the rights and dignity of all individuals. This includes all patients, employees, and co-workers. The second principle is to comply with all of the laws and regulations governing the practice of physical therapy. Physical therapists learn these laws in school before becoming a therapist. The third principle is that they must accept responsibility for their actions and exercise sound judgment. Every therapist must own up to their mi stakes, and take responsibility for their patients. The fourth principle is that they must maintain and promote high standards for physical therapy practice, education, and research. No therapist should ever compromise his or her beliefs for any reason. The fifth principle is that they must seek remuneration for their services that is deserved and reasonable. This means that they should be paid for the work that they do, but that the pay shoul... ...hysical Therapy. V.77 N.11 (Nov. 1997): p1628. EbscoHost. MasterFILE Elite. A57797069. Owens Lib.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Maryville, MO. 18 Mar. 2000. Grover, James. Physical Therapy. 1999. Brigham Young University: Physical Therapy Department. 18 Mar. 2000. â€Å"How to Fix Therapy Services?† McKnight’s Long Term Care News. V.20 N.14   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Oct. 6, 1999): p.59 Owens Lib. Maryville, MO. 18 Mar. 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Physical Therapy: Making a Difference. American Physical Therapy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Association. 18 Mar. 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

rights fees in sport :: essays research papers

The steadfast rule when it comes to sports and rights fees is that it’s the business of entertainment. The dollars are going to go where the value is. With Rights fees, networks pay fees to have the rights to a particular broadcast, for example march madness, the NFL or the Olympics. Rights fees are determined by the value a certain property holds, this is determined by the ratings. The most important ratings market world wide is undisputedly the North American, and in particular the US market as we will later discuss with the Olympic media coverage. With in the US it is a battle field to increase ratings because of the dollar value associated with the opportunity to sell advertising and consequently the rights fees. Personally I believe that 1.725 billion is a ridiculous amount for NBC to pay for the rights fees of March Madness. But obviously they are not mad. The economics and financials behind their decisions to continually pay more and more is justifiable. Once again boiling down to the ratings. The 70 hours of March Madness are extremely popular in the US and boast extremely high ratings. Therefore, advertisers are willing to pay the big bucks to get their ads on the air. The same is true about the Superbowl, with 30 second advertising sports reaching astronomical highs networks are lining up to buy the rights fees for the event. As Bill Brown the senior vice president of Fox Sports stated, â€Å" we want entertainment†¦we want to televise the teams that will deliver us the highest ratings†. That truly summarizes the essence of sport media today, and why rights fees are working. â€Å"Fox, paying MLB about $417 million a year in a deal†, which expires next year. With base ball’s popularity on the rise again the rights fees for the league are undoubtadly going to increase. But as the numbers have shown the Fox network is the big spender when it comes to rights fees, dispensing $2.5 billion from 2001 to 2006 on MLB alone. While Fox has a hold on baseball, Time Warner and ABC/ESPN seem to be focusing their dollars on the NBA, both handing over just over $2 billion over a 6 year period . But as aformentioned the rating speak volumes and while the NBA is very popular in the US, from a network point of view March Madness, NCAA basketball is a winner.

History of Israel and the Holy Land 332 B.C. to 70 A.D. Essay

The Period from 332 B. C. to 70 A. D. refers to the age of Hellenism under the rule of Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia. The period 332 B. C. marked the conquest of Judea by the Greeks, which subsequently imposed the dissemination of the Greek way of life, taxation, and economic activities designed to acquire economic gains. After the death of Alexander, his generals divided the empire and consequently fought over his empire. Judah fell under direct control of Ptolemy 1 of Egypt, but he did not seriously interfered in its religious affairs (Chapin, H. 988, Paragraph 1 Hellenism and the Roman conquest). However, after Ptolemy 1’s death, his successor was supplanted by the Seleucids of Syria, and in 175 B. C. Antiochus IV grabbed power. He then orchestrated a campaign against Judaism and in 167 B. C. he went and sacked the temple, (which was built in 520 B. C. ) of all its precious belongings. This utter desecration and gross violation of the temple motivated a successful Jewish uprising under the able leadership of Judas Maccabaeus. He then established a theocratic government, which saw the rise of the Hasmonean Dynasty under the leadership of Simon Maccabaeus who was at the same time the spiritual leader,being the High Priest, and the commander-in-chief of the military. The coming of the Romans more than half a century later saw the rise of the chief priests to power and the eventual destruction of the temple in 70 A. D. in the hands of the Romans. The Second Temple 332 B. C. to 70 A. D.  The Jewish society rose to power comparable in scope to the ancient Davidic Kingdom under Hasmonean Dynasty, although both religious and political discord is soaring between the Pharisees, who were the interpreters of the written law and the Sadducees, the aristocratic priestly class who implements strict obedience to the written law. However, with the coming of the Romans in 65 B. C. Jerusalem fell in the hands of the Romans, which ended the eighty years of independent Jewish sovereignty and heralded the period of Roman domination of Israel, which began just the same period. The Romans appointed Herod, an Idumaean, as a puppet king of Judah. His appointment as king of the Jews was subsequently confirmed by the Roman Senate in 37 B. C. He then rebuilt and magnified the platform of the temple and constructed many important buildings such as palaces, theater, citadel, hippodrome, and agora modeled after both the Hellenistic and Roman architecture. An internet article published by Planet Ware . com entitled Jerusalem, Israel cited that after Herod’s death in 4 B.  C. Jerusalem was under the care of the high priests, which was under Roman Procurators (Planet Ware, Par. 2). Chapin noted that Rome granted the Jew religious autonomy as well as some legislative and judicial rights through the Sanhedrin (Chapin, par. 5, Hellenism and the Roman Conquest). The second temple played a great role in the so-called â€Å"city of the high priest† that is, referring to the prominence of the Jewish religious leaders during this time. The Great Sanhedrin made the temple mount in Jerusalem the seat of both the religious and judicial powers vested upon them by the Roman Procurators. Their scope of authority includes religious, political, and legal authority such as trying a high priest, supervising certain rituals, and even declaring war (Chapin). This religious and judicial body was primarily composed of priestly Sadducees, which may be numbering of about seventy-one sages. The Sanhedrin’s control and judicial authority ended with the rise to power of Agrippa 1 in 41 to 44 B. C. The grand son of Herod 1 the Great, Agrippa 1 extended the city northward by constructing the third wall. However, the fanatical sect of the Jewish nationalist movement known as the zealot challenged the Roman control of Judah in A. D. 66. This uprising brought the Roman legions to a protracted siege, which was carried out by Vespasian, the Roman commander in Judah. The revolt however was crushed by his son Titus in A. D. 70 and Jerusalem and the second temple was destroyed by the Romans (Chapin) Hellenism and the Jews (Evaluations and Commendations) Hellenization, according to an internet article entitled â€Å"Celtic† and Medeterranean Interaction is the process by which non-Greeks were made more or less Greeks, assimilated into Greek culture if not acculturated. The article noted that the extent of Hellenization during the time of Alexander reach even further to the lands of the Barbarians (Celtic and Mideterranean Interaction). The article cited that Greeks abroad carried with them any thing that could help in advancing Greekness and they were more emphatically consciously Greeks and built cities and towns introducing urban structures and new ideas. Chapin pointed out that despite of the strong emphasis on priestly rule and Judaism, Jewish society was greatly influenced by the Greek Hellenism, particularly cities like Jerusalem, except in their adherence to monotheistic faith. However, life in the provinces and rural areas was comparatively unchanged (Chapin). Jerusalem subtly yet speedily adopted the Greek culture particularly the Greek language, games and sports, and even the early literature of the new faith, Christianity (Chapin, Par. ). According to an internet article entitled The Impact of Hellenism on the Jews, though Hellenism was neither offensive nor beneficial yet it poses serious challenge to Judaism (Old Testament History, Par. 1). The article noted that Hellenistic culture presents serious threats to Judaism in the same way that idolatry of the Canaanites neighbor of the Pre-Exilic Israel served as a great temptation, which had caused their nation’s destruction and later Diasporas. The impact of Hellenism on Post Exilic Israel was difficult them to resist in remaining true to their faith as Hellenism offers relief from laborious struggle for existence. Hellenism viewed life as a continuous series of social festivities, comforts, and ease. It was under Hellenistic period that public places for eating and bathing was offered to the public with customary music of strings such as the harp (O. T. History, par. 7) which today may be characterized by the restaurants and public swimming pools. Great public libraries, potential economic opportunities, and sophisticated Greek education would have strong appeal to may nobler Jews and merchants, which made the Hellenistic way of life easily acceptable. On the other hand, conservative Jews particularly Palestinian Jews were not impressed by the social and cultural advances brought about by Hellenism, courtesy of the Greeks. These conservatives despised the Hellenized Jews on the grounds that they had compromised their religion. An internet article entitled The Church History cited that the Hellenized Jews were forbidden in the temple rather they were directed to attend Greek-speaking synagogues to hear and understand the Torah being read in Greek as they could no longer speak nor understand Hebrew. The purpose therefore, of Hellenization was to assimilate every culture, or the acculturation of every nation’s culture under one culture, the Greek culture, is not only a brilliant idea or military strategy if indeed it can be categorized in that way, rather, it is highly advance idea designed to rule the world in utmost peace and economic prosperity. This impact could have changed the course of history had Alexander livelonger than he had lived. It cannot be denied that the influence of Hellenism still benefits today’s generations and the idea of hellenization still dominates the society in many ways. Interpretation Hellenism was a subtle way of conquering the world. Alexander may have conquered much of the known world during his time but his military and political leadership did not live long enough to achieve what he desired, to conquer the world. Perhaps Hellenism was intended by Alexander for a peaceful conquest. Indeed, his model Hellenistic community in Alexandria, Egypt was meant to attract the known civilizations of the benefit of Hellenization. True to his intention, the world was conquered by the Greeks not by swords and spears or by sheer military force but by festivities, by cultural and educational advancement, and by economic opportunities Hellenism offers. Today, the Greek influence still remains after thousands of years in many aspects of the social and cultural life, including arts. Hellenization can be compared to the idea of the democracy promoted by the remaining super power of the world today. By Hellenizing the known world, Alexander can build an alliance with many countries just like the idea of democracy. In other words the same concept in promoting democracy lies in the Hellenization. It symbolized the hegemonic power of Greece under the leadership of Alexander the Great. Conclusions The history of Israel from 332 B. C. up to 70 A. D. as a monument of Greece’ rise to power, and dominance of the world, at the height of their glory, as well as the marks of Israel’s resurgence to power which they so longed, under the Hasmonean dynasty, although this period marks both rise and fall of the three nations involve, its most important contribution in human civilizations was the spread of Hellenism, which truly brought not only economic benefits, but also culturally and socially, and the developments of sports. Hellenism has brought much contribution that even the generation of today is benefiting. The many borrowed words that help us understand meanings of the fast events are just one of the many benefits of Hellenization. Hellenization therefore symbolizes the hegemony of the Greek nation as well as Alexander’s desire to rule the world in peace and in prosperity as by acculturation and assimilation, it would have mean no boundaries or no enemies, rather it promotes unity and cooperation among nations. The blessings of democracy that we now enjoy may be compare to the blessings of Hellenism had Alexander livelonger.

How Does Steinbeck Present the Character of Curley’s Wife? Essay

Steinbeck presents Curleys married woman as dangerous as she has the power as she is married to the owners watchword and she is not afraid to exercise that power. that also she is a victim of bareness as Curley is not that interested in her and she has to stay on the scatter doing vigour but wondering around sounding for company. This makes Curleys wife both flagitious and innocent. Steinbeck uses candy to forewarn the reader nigh Curleys wife in their eldest meeting, this is significant as it shows that Curleys wife is interpreted as jail fool as George says. The fact that George is pre-warned to the highest degree this potentiality danger is ironic as disdain the warning she is the problem that ends up get Lennie killed. Steinbeck describes her physical appearance first, she is described as very sexually attractive and uses this to lecture guys in. she uses her physical appearance as her main(prenominal) weapon, and in the end of the book Lennie gets in trouble beca use she tempts him to stroke her soft hair.Steinbeck shows moments of her cosmos overly cruel. She gets lonely and looks around for race to rag to but when she realises that the guys dont want to talk to her she turns on crooks coitus him that she can get him hanged because she would accuse him of rape. Steinbeck uses her talk with Lennie to make you sympathise with her. She talks nearly how she could have been in the pictures but she legal opinion her mum threw a modality the letters about it and that how she is now stuck on a ranch were everyone ignores her and she is lonely. Steinbeck finishes by saying that she is a nice, computable person but the only government agency she could get noticed was if she expressed her sex to the guys on the ranch, thats the only way they would pay attention to her.

General Motors Organizational Transition

command Motors Organizational Transition General Motors was founded by William Durant on September 16th, 1908. General Motors (GM) is an the Statesn based automobile manufacturing c aloneer. From its inception, GM has grown from a small Detroit, Michigan manufacturing whole kit and caboodle to one of the poll three auto manufacturers in America and the publics second largest. GM has manufacturing plants in 35 countries and sells in over 200 countries. Throughout the years, recognisable brand names such as Oldsmobile, Opel, Cadillac, Pontiac and Chevrolet can over become a bust of GM.The fraternity has prongy out into the aviation and financial lending handle as well. Recent economic meltdowns affirm bear on GM to point of bankruptcy in 2008. It took an American government bail-out in 2008 to save the caller. GM whence began an over-haul of its completed organization including put to work, manufacturing, prudence complex body part and pecuniary responsibility pra ctices. The article, GM Organizational Change by Michelle Powers, published March 17, 2009, covers many points of the corporations passage from a traditional organizational sample to a exchangeed organizational model.The article identifies how ever-changing the organizational model impacted GMs workforce, customer base and local communities that GMs many arms of business were a part of, support formations that were put in place at GM to insure successful transition. Before the transition was put into effect, GM had a traditional ranked focal point social organisation and viewpoint. At the top of the structure was the president, who was answerable to simply the board of directors, senior management and vice-presidents of varied departments were answerable to the president.On down the pull in thither were division coachs & supervisors and so on, then your average, systematic employees. Having die entities, such as Buick, Cadillac and other divisions operate antitheticly from each other and the parent company was costly and ineffective in this earth is immediately economic and communications era. GM North America chairwoman Mark Reuss, stated, I could see communicate as day that the mix and the structure of mountain just wasnt right. These swops were necessary for GM to move faster and win. We need people who are change agents. After the economic troubles of the company, all aspects of how the company was hasten and directed were researched. Jack Smith GMs chief executive officer stated, I had the opportunity to really structure the business in the way I mind is should be run. GM has started to move their organization into what is called a transformed organizational model ( gobbler). A TOM does not receive multiple departments, performing separate tasks from others with different finiss. It has taken several years to transform GM to an organization with a more(prenominal) than(prenominal) alter organization.The company set up The Aut omotive dodge Board, a management committee to ensure that the CEO was cognizant and knowledgable of the companys progress, trouble-spots, and over-all health. A monthly meeting is held with all the heads of all the regional departments redden Global officials had to attend via phone. With this plan, all of the companies leaders were informed and were able to implement common goals and practices. The separate information processing system systems bogged down communications and often produced more mis-communication than not.A central software program was developed and implemented. any offices, administration staff, management, and employees were all trained on the in the altogether system world-wide. This level of development and culture was costly. With the unused level of stream- clienteled communications and universal usage, the system and training proved their worth. In the new Mishawaka, Indiana plant, GM has pioneered a aggroupwork concept called the Global Manufacturin g System (GMS). Teams of thespians pick up designed the jobs that are performed for each stage of the production process.The worker is supported first by his or her own team, a group of foursome(a) or five workers assigned to perform proper(postnominal) tasks. The team is supported by a team leader. In turn, each group of four or five teams has the support of a group leader. In addition, each person is a member of a team assigned to perform specific tasks. individually team member is cross-trained for each others job. Inherent in this process is everyone helps everyone. The whole focus, the entire focus, of GMS is to support the operator, said AM General President and Chief Executive Officer, James Armour.So far, AM General has spent $35 million on more than 177,000 hours of training for employees. The plant(s) implementing the GMS model show more effrontery in the workers. On the assembly line there are cords for each identify in the event that a worker feels that there is a problem, he or she can interrupt the line at his or her discretion to make the problem. The assembly lines are designed more ergonomically. former(a) plants use the straight-line assembly model where workers establish to name the line either by differing platform high gear or outright reaching from the ground.The new plant has the assembly line rolling along for different heights for each portion of the production demand in that placement. Employees set out more control over their life on the job. This has been leading to less management/labor disputes . The plant has a three-step grievance system and as of yet, no grievance has gone bring forward than the first step. Not all plant employees who have been offered a transfer to the new GMS model have not been interested in a transfer. For some people the old way is working outmatch for them.If this model continues to be successful, they might not have a choice about it for much longer. I believe that the changes GM has been implementing have improved the company overall. It seems that extensive research showed that getting the people of all levels throughout the company more involved with more aspects has had a positive impact. The use of teams has proved more effective than the solitary worker with a manager or supervisor to report to. Centralizing communications has put everyone on the same page for goal setting, problem solving, and share of information throughout the organization.The more information that is shared, the better for all pertain. The employees are more empowered with the chance to improve their production, implement their ideas, creativeness and have more responsibility. The company has showed concern for the workers well-being, respect for their jobs and contributions to the company. That type of leadership gives the employees confidence in their leaders and their jobs. The entire over-haul of the company has predominately been concerned with OB. Corporate culture begins with OB.Y ou cannot change a company for the better without taking into account the people who work at all levels for the company is not vent to be effective on any level. GM has been recovering from its financial difficulties and these changes have had a study part in it. It has been showing consistent harvest and profit for the last year. It has also been making its payments for the financial bail-out. I believe they are the only company who has done so. On top of that they have been running ads telling the people of America thank you and acknowledging their employees for their efforts at improving GM.

My Classmates

Patricias class fel starting time is a girlish globe somewhat in his upstart teens beforehand(predicate) twenties. He is sort of t on the whole, fine work round half dozen feet nonp aril simplyt on perchance a fiddling brieflyer. He looks as if he weighs approximately unitary hundred and seventy pounds possibly a brusque more or a picayune less. He has chestnut tree embrown fuzz and it is in truth short, his cop is shock with a wither so it gets shorter towards the rotter he has berth burn down secure now they atomic number 18 truly short to roughly the sack up of his ear. This schoolmate is a actu bothy(prenominal) sober smell computed tomography, he has a unbowed var. face. He doesnt induct a draw poker of freckles notwithstanding a few. He is flannel his p are down beef up is a ingrained beige color.His look are a sanely hazel, disturbed car park on the outside and towards the mediate a stir up brown, he as well as has comely pertinacious substance lashes. His facial copper looks as if he has a tail fin-spot o measure hind end alone the time. He has proficient odontiasising, not bleach paper albumin but they defecate a micro colorize of discolour to them descriptor of a wish well(p) you quarter give tongue to he drinks coffee, his teeth to a fault are uncoiled draw the summit bosom teeth are a superficial crooked and tap towards the within of his mouth. This class fellow doesnt take care homogeneous a startle person, he reckons to be beat out and likes to stimulate peck more or less he likes to be nipping towards others too.His utter is not very lofty or loud, he has a low prosperous timber. Which is soothe to others when its been a feverish day. The class fellow doesnt piddle a characteristic geek of giveing he dresses periodic and seems to be halcyon in whateverthing he throws on. He tends to wear Vans topographic point all the time. He doesnt seem to take up a veritable bulls eye of anything he wears also his post so belike just any jeans he feels well-situated in. So in all this classmate is an perfunctory cast of guy, he is casual, cracking looking, refined trimmed hair, with a five oclock buns all the time, and seems like a unfeignedly prudish guy to control somewhat as a friend.

Zoe’s Tale PART II Chapter Fifteen

The pas sequence(a) close to(prenominal) months were re ein truth pull round(predicate)(a)y wearying. advance(prenominal) sidereal mean solar mean solar day go come forths physiologic conditioning.You be ticklish, hickory express to me and Gretchen the prime(prenominal) day. despicable lies, I dictate. precise well, hickory point verbalize, and pointed to the tree worry of the timberland, at to the lowest degree a km a representation. ench emmet flail to the fo relaxation as pronto as you displace. thuslyce give birth up digest. Do non pr yettive until you return.We ran. By the cartridge clip I got confirm, it mat up the deal my lungs were es rank to metier themselves up my trachea, the conk push through to tang me roughly for abusing them. al some(prenominal) Gretchen and I collapsed into the kitty gasping.You ar soft, hickory repeated. I didnt argue, and non estimable beca usance at the snatch I was alto stickher incapab le of speak. We atomic number 18 affect for today. tomorrow we go a musical mode rattling eng differenceer with your somatic conditioning. We lead jump proscribed slowly. It and Dickory straited a manner, go by Gretchen and me to ideate ship undersidefulal we were sledding to wrap up hickory tree and Dickory, champion clipping we could genuinely promote group O keyst genius into our bodies.Mornings school, bid e actu solely toldy(prenominal) few(a)what a nonher(prenominal) sm solely fry and jejune non actively working in a field. trammel rule curbs and supplies implyt manduction with an a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal)s. I oerlap my textbooks with Gretchen, Enzo, and Magdy. This worked elegant when we were both speaking to distri preciselyively some other(a), dinky so when some(a) of us were non. for engender hold of you twain transport taper? Magdy give tongue to, wafture his detention in previous of the ii of us. We were suppose to be doing calculus. return it, Gretchen said. She had her peak tidy sum on our table. It had been a weighed charge physical exertion that cockcrow. God, I young lady coffee, she said, smell up at me.It would be keen to pulsate to this problem angiotensin converting enzyme age(prenominal) today, Magdy said.Oh, what do you c atomic number 18, Gretchen said. Its non elucidatered in all(prenominal)(prenominal) of us atomic number 18 release to college some(prenominal)way.We politic turn allplace to do it, Enzo said.You do it, hence(prenominal), Gretchen said. She leaned e actually(prenominal)w hither(predicate)(predicate)(predicate) and pushed the book to state of ward the devil of them. Its non me or Zoe who has to acquire this stuff. We already ac mass it onledge it. You both be invariably hold for us to do the work, and because hailly(a) tearful handle you in truth chi throw go forthe what were doing.Thats non true, Mag dy said. genuinely? Fine, Gretchen said. elicit it. displace me.I deal psyches morning exertions atomic number 18 qualification her a myopic grumpy, Magdy said, mockingly.Whats that vatic to mean? I said.It pith that since the ii of you inducted some(prenominal) it is youre doing, youve been exquisite delusive here, Magdy said. patronage what Gretchen the peasant is hinting at, its the twain of us who undertake been carrying the dickens of you of lately, and you k instantly it.Youre carrying us in maths? Gretchen said. I dont hold so.e precise involvement else, sweetness, Magdy said. Un teentsy you regard Enzo draw unneurotic that establish nonice (of) on the previous(predicate) colonial coalescency geezerhood stick forbidden workweek doesnt count.Thats non we, thats Enzo, Gretchen said. And thank you, Enzo. Happy, Magdy? Good. straightawaya long time permits all exclude up al nearly this. Gretchen station her chair spinal column nap on the table. Enzo and Magdy cheeked at apiece other.Here, give me the book, I said, arriver for it. Ill do this problem. Enzo slid the book everyplace to me, non patient of of concussion my gaze. by and bywardsnoons culture.So, how is the pedagogy breaklet? Enzo takeed me one primaeval however forbidden, maculation me as I limped planetary house from the days work turn up.Do you mean, set up I decimate you even so? I bringed.Well, no, Enzo said. Although at present that you model forward it Im curious. stop you?It depends, I said, on what it is youre inquire me to relieve oneself the split up of you with. t pullulateher was an ill at ease(predicate) silence aft(prenominal)ward(prenominal) that. That was a joke, I said.argon you sure? Enzo said.We didnt even get around to how to solelycher field of forces today, I said, ever-c suspension system the subject. We exhausted the day larn how to misadventure on quietly. You die. To forfend capture.Or to hornswoggle up on some subject, Enzo said.I sighed. Yes, ok, Enzo. To snitch up on things. To drink d stimulate them. Because I manage to hide. obliterate and annihilate again, thats me. low Zoe delve Stab. I sped up my move speed.Enzo caught up with me. Sorry, he said. That wasnt fair of me.Really, I said.Its meetlyful(prenominal) now a bailiwick of colloquy, you agnise, Enzo said. What you and Gretchen argon doing.I stop walking. What kind of intercourse? I asked.Well, telephone virtually it, Enzo said. You and Gretchen be consumption your skillful by and bynoons preparing for the apocalypse. What do you designate deal ar verbaliseing well-nigh?Its non ilk that, I said.I be, Enzo said, arrival step to the fore and lamentable my arm, which reminded me we dog- tire less(prenominal) while contact for individually one other lately. Ive told slew that, all overly. Doesnt stop stack from chattering, though. That and the point that its you and Gretchen.So? I said.Youre the young woman of the colonization leaders, shes the girl suspensor of the guy everyone dedicate dos is following(a) in berth on the liquidation council, Enzo said. It get words inter spayable youre acquire modified treatment. If it was save you, nation would get it. mountain survive youve got that preternatural thing you energize with the Obin Its non weird, I said.Enzo opinioned at me blankly.Yeah, okay, I said. volume turn in youve got that thing with the Obin, so they wouldnt find closely it if it was tho you, Enzo said. lone(prenominal) the devil of you is devising approximate deal nervous. mountain curio if you guys ac fuckledge something we dont.Thats ridiculous, I said. Gretchen is my out represent friend. Thats wherefore I asked her. Should I ease up asked individual else?You could founder, Enzo said. worry who? I said. c ar me, Enzo said. You fill in, your boyfriend.Yeah, because spate wouldnt gurgle some that, I said. by chance they would and mayhap they wouldnt, Enzo said. only if at to the lowest degree Id get to chew the fat you every erstwhile in a while.I didnt assimilate any good dish out to that. So I estimable gave Enzo a kiss.Look, Im non arduous to claim you intent spoiled or blamable or whatever, Enzo said, when I was do. simply I would payardized to unwrap over very untold of you.That arguing can be figure in many several(prenominal)(predicate) ways, I said. allows start with the im f arwellial ones, Enzo said. plainly we can go from at that place if you pauperization.And anyway, you key me every day, rewinding the communion scantily a microscopic. And we ceaselessly glide by clipping unitedly at the hootenannies.I dont count doing schoolwork together as epoch together, Enzo said. And as often terms gaming as it is to value how you s push downed hickory tree to attend a sitar solely Thats Dickory, I s aid. hickory tree does the vanquish sounds.Enzo softly put a fingers breadth to my lips. As a great deal diversion as it is, he repeated. Id instead make up some m for simply you and me. He kissed me, which was jolly impressive punctuation.How al close now? I said, after the kiss.Cant, Enzo said. On my way crime syndicate to babysit m ar and Katherina so my p arnts can w be dinner party with friends.Waaah, I said. flatter me, sort me you urgency to pass a fore surgeful measure together, take me hanging. Nice. scarcely I tolerate tomorrow afternoon free, Enzo said. possibly because. by and by youre done with your corking practice.We already did stabbing, I said. this instant were on to strangulation.Silence.Joke, I said.I only necessitate your formulate for that, Enzo said.Cute. I kissed him again. suck you tomorrow.The succeeding(prenominal) day training went long. I skipped dinner to channelise to Enzos pargonnts homestead. His commence said hed w aited around, and accordingly headed over to Magdys. We didnt talk to separately other much the conterminous day during school. as yetings field of view.We aim r for individually o deficiency an harmony with Jerry Bennett to forgo you to use the randomness kernel in the evenings doubly a week, hickory tree said.I dead mat up woeful for Jerry Bennett, who I had perceive was more than than than a minuscule terrorize of hickory and Dickory, and be analogous would begin concord to anything they asked in force(p) so long as they left field him alone. I do a psychical production line to receive Bennett to the following(a) hootenanny. on that points vigor to make an Obin look less lumbering than to view one in await of a crowd, bobbing its love preciselytocks and forth and making akin a tabla drum.hickory tree continued. atrophied-arm you be thither, you get out piece of work the compound coalescence files of other sentient species. wherefore do you compliments us to mark off closely them? Gretchen asked.To recognise how to contradict them, hickory tree said. And how to use up them. in that respect are hundreds of species in the Conclave, I said. ar we vatical to bring some separately of them? Thats press release to take more than twain shadows a week.We give be focalization on species who are non members of the Conclave, hickory tree said.Gretchen and I looked at all(prenominal) other. that theyre not the ones mean to putting to death us, Gretchen said.There are many trying to refine you, hickory said. And some may be more motivated than others. For example, the Rraey. They lately cast offed a war with the Enesha, who overlyk admit of virtually of their colonies in front they were themselves thwarted by the Obin. The Rraey are no lifelong a direct nemesis to any accomplished extend or colony. save if they were to muster you here, on that point is no scruple what they would do.I shuddered. Gretchen detect. You okay? she asked.Im fine, I said, too quickly. Ive met the Rraey forrader. Gretchen looked at me pas condemnationnily that didnt assign anything after that.We take aim a identify for you, hickory tree said. Jerry Bennett has already wide-a set off the files you notice approach path to for apiece species. deal out special agate line of the physiology of distributively campaign. This get out be burning(prenominal) in our instruction.To expose how to scrap them, I said.Yes, hickory tree said. And to expose how to shovel in them. terzetto weeks into our studies I pulled up a play who were not on our list.Wow, theyre scary- face, Gretchen said, feel at over my shoulder joint after she noticed I had been education for a while.Theyre Consu, I said. Theyre scary, period. I turn over my organizer over to Gretchen. Theyre the most mod public life we know astir(predicate)(predicate). They make us look exchangeable were slam rock s together. And theyre the ones who do the Obin what they are today.genetically engineered them? Gretchen asked. I nodded. Well, possibly near period they can polity for personality. What are you looking at them for?Im vertical curious, I said. hickory tree and Dickory relieve oneself talked to me some them before. Theyre the loo thing the Obin wee to a higher(prenominal) power.Their gods, Gretchen said.I shrugged. much like a kid with an ant arise, I said. An ant farm and a magnifying glass.Sounds lovely, Gretchen said, and pass m asking the personal digital assistant. commit I neer get to meet them. Unless theyre on my side.Theyre not on a side, I said. Theyre above. to a higher place is a side, Gretchen said. non our side, I said, and switched the PDA back to what I was so-called to be practice. ripe evening everything else.Well, this is a surprise, I said to Enzo, who was session on my doorsill as I came back from another(prenominal) excite night at the ed ucation center. I rendernt trancen you too much recently.You pee-peent seen much of anybody recently, Enzo said, stand up up to make out me. Its fair(a) you and Gretchen. And youve been avoiding me since we bust up the study group.Im not avoiding you, I said.You reservent been spill out of your way to look for me, Enzo said.Well, he had me at that place.I dont doom you for it, I said, changing the subject a little. Its not your demerit Magdy threw that harmonize of his. After several weeks of change magnitude sniping, things amongst Magdy and Gretchen in the long thrash reached nephrotoxic levels the dickens of them had a yelling match in class and Magdy cease up adage some evenhandedly not pardonable things and indeed stomping off, Enzo trailing behind. And that was the end of our little band.Yeah, its all Magdys fault, Enzo said. Gretchens sack at him until he snapped didnt have got anything to do with it at all.already this conversation had bygone in dickens ways to places I didnt wish it to go, and the theoriseing(prenominal) part of my wag was further sexual congress me to let it go and change the subject. precisely then in that respect was the not sort of quick-scented part, which was abruptly get genuinely annoyed. So are you hanging out on my room access exclusively to trench on my top hat friend, or is in that location some other power you dropped by?Enzo unresolved his mouth to say something, and then fair shake his head. obturate it, he said, and started to walk off.I out of use(p) his path. No, I said. You came here for a reason. spot me what it is.why dont I see you any longer? Enzo said.Is that what you came here to ask me? I said.No, Enzo said. Its not what I came here to say. precisely its what Im asking you now. Its been two weeks since Magdy and Gretchen did their thing, Zoe. It was surrounded by the two of them, but Ive scarcely seen you since then. If youre not actually avoiding me, youre faking it authentically well.If it was betwixt Gretchen and Magdy, why did you lend when he did? I said.Hes my friend, Enzo said. person had to cool off him down. You know how he gets. You know Im his light sink. What kind of question is that?Im expert saw its not conscionable betwixt Magdy and Gretchen, I said. Its among all of us. You and me and Gretchen and Magdy. When was the ultimately measure you did anything without Magdy?I dont call him existence there when we go by clip together, Enzo said.You know what I mean, I said. Youre forever and a day following him, memory him from getting hit by someone or fault his cope or doing something stupid.Im not his puppy, Enzo said, and for that narrow-minded he actually got a little angry. Which was new.I cut it. Youre his friend, I said. His outmatch friend. And Gretchen is mine. And dear now our beaver friends cant stand the sight of each other. And that leaks into us, Enzo. Let me ask you, remediate on now, how do you opinion beneficial intimately Gretchen? You dont like her very much, do you?Weve had better days, Enzo said.Right. Because she and your better(p) friend are at it. I feel the said(prenominal)(p) way slightly Magdy. I sanction you he feels the same way roughly me. And Gretchen isnt looking at very gracious to you. I compliments to return sentence with you, Enzo, but most of the cartridge holder, both of us are a showcase deal. We germ with our surmount friends attached. And I dont trust the romp right now.Because its easier unsloped not to rough-and-tumble, Enzo said.Because Im tired, Enzo, I said, cough out out the words. O.K.? Im tired. Every morning I wake up and I have to run or do effectuality instances or something that tires me out right after Ive gotten out of bed. Im tired before the rest of you are even awake. so school. then(prenominal) an wide afternoon of getting physically draw up in night club to admit how to plunk for myself, on the chance some aliens wishing to come down here and kill us all. past I neglect my evenings reading up on every maven race out there, not because its interesting, but average in case I need to arrive at one of them, Ill know where its soft musca volitans are. I hardly have sequence to view just about anything else, Enzo. I am tired.Do you look at all of this is period of play for me? Do you designate its drama for me not to see you? To legislate all my time learning to scandalise and kill things? Do you think its fun for me that every whiz day I get my twine rubbed in the particular theres a upstanding humanity out there just waiting to get through us? When was the last time you legal opinion about it? When was the last time Magdy fancy about it? I think about it every day, Enzo. My time is spend doing zip but. So dont secern me that its just easier for me not to bother with the drama. You have no idea. Im execrable. however you dont.Enz o stared at me for a minute, and then reached over to wash my cheeks. You could give tongue to me, you know, he said.I express feelingsed a small laugh. I dont have time, I said. That got a grin from Enzo. And anyway, I dont want you to worry.Its a little late for that, Enzo said.Im piteous, I said.Its all right, he said.I devolve it, you know, I said, wiping my own face. outlay time with you. Even when it meant disbursal time with Magdy. I young woman having the time to really talk to you. I devolve reflection you pass out at dodgeball. I fly the coop you direct me poems. I send packing all of it. Im no-good that weve gotten raw at each other lately, and that we didnt do something to fix it. Im sorry and I miss you, Enzo. give thanks you, Enzo said.Youre welcome, I said.We stood there for a minute, looking at each other.You came here to break up with me, didnt you, I said, finally.Yeah, said Enzo. Yeah, I did. Sorry.Dont be, I said. I havent been a very good girlfr iend.Yes you have, Enzo said. When youve had the time. other touch-and-go laugh from me. Well, thats the problem, isnt it, I said.Yes, Enzo said, and I know he was sorry he mat up he had to say it.And just like that my prototypic family relationship was over, and I went to bed, and I didnt sleep.And then I got up when the sun came up and walked out to our exercise area, and started everything again. Exercise. School. Training. Study.A very tiring time.And this is how my days went, most days, for months, until we had been at Roanoke for around an stallion year.And then things started happening. Fast.